Preparation of poly (lactide-glycolide)-gelatine and poly (caprolactone) - gelatine containing MTA for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds

Abstract

One of the problems of orthopedic surgeons is the reconstruction of bone tissue lesions. Autogenous bone grafting is considered as the gold standard for repairing bone lesions. But disadvantages such as painful surgery, risk of infection, bleeding, nerve damage and loss of function have prompted researchers to look for another effective methods. Bone tissue engineering is an effective way to repair bone without causing complications in the body. In bone tissue engineering, in addition to cells and three-dimensional scaffolds suitable for growth, bone growth inducers are also used. To induce osteogenesis, one of the effective substances with high biocompatibility, especially in endodontic treatments, is a compound based on calcium silicate (β-Ca2SiO4) called MTA. Aim: Preparation of new scaffolds based on a mixture of biodegradable polyesters with natural gelatin polymer containing MTA and study of their ability in dental pulp stem cell adhesion and growth. Methods: PCL-PEG-PCL and PLGA-PEG-PLGA was prepared by ring openning polymerization method and loaded with MTA by treatment of polymer melt with suspension of MTA in ethanol. Then the hybrid of MTA-loaded polymer with gelatin as a natural polymer was prepared. The biocompatibility of scaffold was evaluated by MTT assay. The effectiveness of the prepared scaffold in the adhesion and growth of dental pulp stem cells was evaluated. Results and discussion: Mixtures of PLGA-PEG-PLGA and PCL-PEG-PCL polymers with MTA were prepared by modified method. MTA-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer and aqueous gelatin solution formed a porous scaffold. The data showed that PLGA-PEG-PLGA-MTA-Gelatin scaffold support cell adhesion and proliferation in comparison to PCL-PEG-PCL-MTA-Gelatin. Conclusion: The results show that MTA-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA-Gelatin is an effective scaffold for growth of human dental pulp stem cells and has potential for osteogenic proliferation.