Prevalence of Primary Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Reffering to Health Centers of Tabriz and Related Risk Factors

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Because of increasing elderly population and the higher rates of osteoporosis in women especially after menopause, this research was aimed to determine the prevalence of primary osteoporosis and low bone density based on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and its socio-demographic, clinical, and life style risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed by simple random sampling on 850 postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years, from August 2018 to April 2019, in Tabriz-Iran. After obtaining consent, investigating eligibility criteria, and performing laboratory tests to rule out secondary causes, 445 eligible women underwent densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Socio-Individual, obstetric-medical, lifestyle and anthropometric indicators were collected and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics including multivariate logistic regression in SPSS 21 software. Results: The prevalence of primary osteoporosis based on lumbar vertebra T-score, femoral neck T-score, and total was 23.4% (95% CI: 19.5% to 27.3%), 3.4%, (95% CI: 1.7% to 5.1%) and 24.5% (95% CI: 21.1% to 27.9%), respectively and the prevalence of primary osteopenia based on lumbar vertebra T-score, femur neck T-score, and total was 42% (95% CI: 37.4% to 46.6%), 35.5% (95% CI: 31.1% to 39.9%), and 43.6% (95% CI: 39% to 48.2%), respectively. The present study showed that the odds of osteoporosis increased by increment of age (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07-1.30), but it decreased by increasing menopausal age (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), body mass index (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.97), arm circumference (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.95), and education level (p= 0.028). It was higher in unmarried women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 0.99-7.08) and those with non-personal housing (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.24-13.07). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that one quarter of women studied had primary osteoporosis and nearly half of them had low bone density. Given the rapid process of population aging, attention to modifiable risk factors is necessary to prevent and reduce the complications of this disease.