Phytochemical study on methanolic extract of Gleditsia caspica Desf. Pods

Abstract

Introduction: The genus Gleditsia (Fabaceae) comprises 14 species. In recent decades, by conducting phytochemical studies, more than 60 compounds including triterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and their derivatives were isolated from this genus. Among these isolated compounds, triterpenoid saponins were considered as the main constituents of Gleditsia species. Some of the biological activities are anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, analgesic, anti-mutagenic, activities, etc. G. caspica found solitary or in groups in lowland woods, on dry soils. Scope: Study to investigate the phytochemical of the methanolic extract of Gleditsia caspica Desf. pods Methods and materials: Pods of Gleditsia capsica plant were successively extracted using solvents of n-hexane, chloroform and methanol by Soxhlet apparatus method. The dried methanolic extract was subjected to C18 sep - pak fractionation with a mobile phase using a step gradient of methanol - water. Further purification of the fractions by using preparative reversed phase HPLC resulted in separation of the compounds and structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished by using 1HNMR and 13CNMR methods. Results: Phytochemical study of the methanolic extracted of leilaki pods proves the presence of alkaloid and flavonoid compounds. A total of seven compounds were identified from the isolated compounds. The identified compounds are two alkaloids (Locustoside A and Saikachinoside A), a phenylethanoid glycoside structure and four flavonoids (3,7- diglucosyl quercetin, 7,4'- diglucosyl Luteolin, 3-glucosil quercetin and quercetin). Compounds 3,4 and 5 are reported for the first time. Conclusion: leilaki is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids and phenylethanoid compounds. Overally, biological activities of this herb might be due to the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in the methanolic extract.