The effect of native Lactobacillus paracasei on colon cancer in rat

Abstract

Backgrounds and Aims: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and nutritional and epigenetic factors play an effective role in the development and prevention of this type of cancer. Much research has been done on the positive effects of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of cancers, especially cell line and animal models of colorectal cancer, and has shown that probiotics can induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in cancer cells and masses. The therapeutic or adjuvant role of probiotics after cancer has not been investigated, so this study was performed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the native probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei in an animal model of a rat. Methods: In this study, 72 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, except for group 1 (healthy) in all other groups of carcinogenic DMH at a dose of 30 mg per kg body weight and two subcutaneous injections per week for 12 weeks, in group 2 (prevention) before injection of probiotic DMH by gavage at a dose of 2× 9 109 cfu / kg / bw and continued until the end of the study, Group 3 received only DMH as a cancer group, but groups 4 and 6 after 32 weeks From the beginning of the study, probiotics and group 5 were treated with 5Fu and at the end of the 40 week, rats were killed and their colons were removed and opened transversely and evaluated for the presence or absence and number and size of tumor masses. For histopathology and induction of apoptosis by immunohistochemistry and cell proliferation by AgNOR staining and expression of Caspase8, Caspase9, Bax, Akt1, Jak1 genes by Real Time PCR, sample tumor tissues were prepared. Results: In the prevention phase of the study, administration of Lactobacillus paracasis in group 2 (prevention) prevents the development of malignant adenocarcinoma-type cancer and The masses formed were benign and adenoma-like. It also reduced proliferation compared to the cancer group and the difference between the cancer group and prevention was significant. Administration of Lactobacillus paracasei in the prophylaxis group compared with the cancer group increased the expression of proapoptotic genes (caspase8, caspase9 and Bax) and decreased the expression of Akt1 gene and the difference between them was significant. In the therapeutic phase of the study, administration of Lactobacillus paracasei in the treated cancer groups (5, 4 and 6) compared with the cancer group (3) reduced the size of the colon cancer masses, and the difference between them was significant. Also, in the cancer groups treated with Lactobacillus paracasei and 5fu compared to the cancer group (3), cell proliferation was significantly reduced and in group 6 (receiving Lactobacillus paracasei and 5fu together) caused a further decrease in cell proliferation. Lactobacillus paracasei had potentiated the antiproliferative effect of 5fu. In addition, Lactobacillus paracase induced apoptosis in the treated cancer groups and the difference with the cancer group was significant. The highest amount of apoptosis was seen in group 6 (Lactobacillus paracasei + 5fu) and it was shown that Lactobacillus paracasei could have a synergistic effect on the apoptotic effect of 5fu drug. Also, Lactobacillus paracasei in the treated cancer groups increased the expression of proapoptotic genes Caspase 8, Caspase9 and Bax and decreased the expression of Akt1 and Jak1 genes and showed that both internal and external pathways of apoptosis induced apoptosis in the treated groups. Conclusion: The native probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei prevents the development of malignant lesions in the colon of the rat in terms of prevention and therapeutically in the treated cancer groups, in tumor tissues, reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and the size and number of tumors in Reduces the colon of rats.