Comparison of Antibacterial Effect of Intra Fixture Curcumin Nanocrystals by Application of Different Torque values on Healing Abutments (in vitro)

Abstract

Introduction: According to the antibacterial effects of curcumin in recent studies as well as the effects of nanocrystals in better efficacy of anti-bacterial materials and on the other hand, no studies on the effect of curcumin on nanocrystals dental implants do not, therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of curcumin nanocrystals on implant fixation with different torques of implant abutment healing. Methods: The present study, which is in vitro, selected 18 implants (using G.power software and considering the error of the first type 0.05 and 80% power of the sample size) depending on the type of solution applied inside them. They were divided into three groups: curcumin, chlorhexidine and distilled water. Then, each group was divided into three subgroups of 10, 20 and 35 N/cm based on the amount of torques applied during the closing of the hilling abutment. In the curcumin group, pre-prepared nanocrystals of curcumin at a concentration of 60 mg / ml to a volume of 10 μl were applied into the inner cavity of the implant and then given a Torque abutment. Implants were then placed individually in 5 ml suspension of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E.fecalis). As a positive control, distilled water was injected into the implant cavity at a rate of 10 μl. Chlorhexidine was used for negative control at 10 μl. Implants were then incubated in a 37° C incubator for 24 h. After incubation, the cap was removed and the abutment removed from the implants by hexdriver and then, the internal surface of the abutments was sampled by sterile swabs and microbial culture was performed on agar media and finally the microbial culture was evaluated. For data analysis, SPSS version 20 was used. The results of the study were reported using descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation and frequency (percentage)). Comparison of bacterial growth rate in the amount of Torques applied separately in groups and types of bacteria Due to the abnormal distribution of data, kruskal Wallis test was used. Data normality was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The results of comparing the mean colony-forming unit (CFU) of the Torques between the different bacterial species in each solution showed a significant difference between the nanocurcumin and water solutions in all three bacteria (P <0.05). Only chlorhexidine solution in E.aureus had significant difference (P-value = 0.105). It was also found that the rate of growth of all three bacteria in water, in the maximum amount of torque 10. In Torque 35, only S.aureus bacteria increased, while in chlorhexidine solution only E. phaecalis bacteria grew in Torques 20 and 10, and the rest grew only in Torque 10, and no growth was observed in Torques 20 and 35. In the case of nanocurcumin solution, all bacteria grew in Torques 10 and 20, and in E. coli bacteria in Torque 35 there was a slight increase, while in other bacteria in Torque 35 there was no growth. Also, based on the results of the descriptive statistics, it was found that the growth rates of all three types of bacteria, following the use of chlorhexidine, were lower than that of nanocurcumin. Conclusion: According to the desirable results of this study, herbal materials such as curcumin can be substituted in the future for chemicals. This replacement will not only overcome microbial resistance, but will also reduce the use of chemicals and their side effects and toxicity. The nanoparticles prepared in this study can be used inside the implant fixture to utilize the antimicrobial effects of the implant for further stabilization and success.