Comparison of Antibacterial Effect of Nano Crystal Curcumin in Implant Fixture at 24, 48 and 72 Hours
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high importance of antimicrobial agents around dental implants in order to ensure their health and considering the proven antibacterial effects of curcumin as well as the effects of nanomaterials on their better effectiveness, in this study to evaluate the antibacterial effect of nanocrystalline curcumin inside Implant fixation was performed between 24, 48, and 72 hours (30 constant Newton in torque).
Methods: In the present laboratory study (in vitro), 18 implants (Using G. power software and considering the error of the α=0.05 and the power of 80% of the sample size were selected.) were examined in six groups in a bacterial culture medium. In this study, the implants were performed with the effects of three nanocorcumins (60 mg / ml), chlorhexidine and water to investigate the antibacterial effects on the three bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The implants were incubated in a 37ᵒC incubator for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Finally, the growth rate of all three bacteria in three different types of solutions was investigated and compared. SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. The results were reported using descriptive statistics methods (mean±standard deviation and frequency (percentage)). Comparison of bacterial growth rate at 24, 48 and 72 hours was analyzed separately in groups and types of bacteria due to the abnormal distribution of data, with Kruskal-Wallis test. Data normality was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Results: The results of this study showed that the rate of bacterial inactivation by nanocurcumin and chlorhexidine samples in all bacteria was above 99% and this trend was maintained by increasing the time from 24 hours to 48 and 72 hours. Examination of the normality of the data by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the CFU values in the solutions at different times had abnormal values (P-value<0.05). Therefore, nonparametric tests were used to compare the results. Based on the results, the number of colonies (CFUs) at different times between different types of bacteria was significantly different only for the solution of curcumin nanoparticles and in S.aureus bacteria and increased with time from 24 hours to 48 hours and then increased by 72 hours (P <0.05). However, it did not show significant effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria over time (P> 0.05). However, the growth rate of the bacteria in the solution containing water and chlorhexidine did not show any significant difference over time (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, nanocorcumin solution was able to effectively inactivate all three types of bacteria. Significant differences in growth in S. aureus bacteria with increasing time from 24 hours to 48 hours and then 72 hours meant that S. aureus bacteria showed less sensitivity to nanocurcumin solution compared to E. fecalis and E.coli bacteria. The inactivation rate of nanocorcumin solution showed similar results to chlorhexidine (known as a strong antibacterial agent) control. The trend of bacterial inactivation rate was maintained by nanocurcumin solution with increasing time from 24 hours to 48 and then to 72 hours. This means that the curcumin nanoparticles used in this study showed preserved antibacterial effects over time. This could be due to the completely different function of the nanoparticles in entering and inactivating the bacteria. Given the results of the inactivation rate of bacteria tested by nanocurcumin solution, it seems that the design of slow release systems from curcumin nanoparticles can significantly increase the durability of antimicrobial effects of this substance over time. Clinical trials will also increase the effectiveness of this substance in the use of antimicrobial use in dentistry.