Risk factors of recurrence of urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteral reflux

Abstract

Antibiotic prophylaxis is presently prescribed for all patients with reflux, but in spite of prophylaxis some patients have recurrent urinary tract infections but others do not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of recurrent UTI in children with VUR referred to pediatric hospital and outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 210 children under the age of 14 with vesicoureteral reflux who referred to pediatric clinic for 10 years from 2006 to 2016 and underwent follow up. For each patient, variables including sex, age, degree of reflux and number of urinary tract infection were collected in the form of data collection and after statistical analysis, the relationship between frequency of UTI with these variable was determined. Results: Of the 210 patients studied, 157 (74.8%) were female. Mean±SD of age at first admission was 13.86±15.46 months. The most frequent type of reflux was primary reflux with a frequency of 187 cases (89%). Regarding the grading of reflux, the most frequent grade of reflux for both sides was Grade 3. No urinary tract infection was seen in 115 (55%) patients. Conversely, one episode of urinary tract infection was seen in 47 (22.5%) patients during follow up period. Recurrent urinary tract infection was observed in 47 (22.5%) patients. The mean±SD of follow-up period was 34.19±25.64 months. The most frequent outcome in the studied patients was resolution of vesicoureteral reflux with a frequency of 133 cases (63.6%).