Effects of cumin cyminum L. supplementation on components, inflammatoryand oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

Aims: The metabolic syndrome (Mets) is characterised by the coexistence of risk factors predisposing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD. It can contribute to a 5-fold increase in the risk of T2DM and double increase the risk of CVD over the next 5–10 years. These underlying risk factors which are deemed as Mets components include central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, raised serum TAG and decreased HDL-cholesterol. It is a rampant and burgeoning health issue globally that affects about 20-25 % of the world’s adult population. This disorder is very common in Iran and its prevalence is estimated to be 36% according to IDF criteria. Several factors such as unhealthy nutrition, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, genetic, Inactivity, inflammation, age, and hormonal changes in Etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome infact. Recently, herbal medicines have been paid special attention to the treatment of metabolic syndrome patients, especially because of their safety, popularity and less adverse side effects. Cuminum cyminum L. is an annual plant, belonging to Apiaceae family. The most important chemical component of cumin fruits is cuminaldehyde. The Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (CuEO) has shown antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibitor and anti-inflammatory effects in several experimental models As far as our literature review there is no study examining the effects of Cuminum cyminum L. intake on components, inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in patients with MetS, so the current study was done to investigate the effects of CuEO intake on components, inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in patients with MetS. Methods: In this clinical trial, 44 patients with MetS aged 18–60 years and on stable medication were recruited. Patients were divided into two intervention and control groups based on a block randomization procedure. The two groups were matched based on the body mass index (BMI) and sex. Participants depending on the group in which, received three tablets of 75 mg of essential oil of cumin or placebo for 8 weeks. Data pertaining to height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and BMI, physical activity, blood pressure as well as food consumption were collected at base line and at the conclution of the study. Fasting blood samples were obtained and glycemic indices, lipid profile, antioxidant and inflammatory indices were assessed at baseline, as well as at the end of the trial. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Compared with the placebo group, CuEO increased SOD (149.17; 95% CI, [67.93, 230.42]), TAC(0.24; 95% CI, [0.09, 0.38]) and decreased MDA (−0.36; 95% CI, [−0.66, 0.06]), (p < 0.01). In within-group analysis, CuEO led to 13.3% decrease in MDA and 6.7%increase in TAC levels (p < 0.04). In the cumin group diyastolic blood pressure and WHR significantly was improved (p<0.05). furtheremore in the CuEO group G-px (10.15%) and CAT (10.17%) were decreased not significantly. Changes in other anthropometric indicators (wieght, WC. HC and BMI, lipid profile and inflamatory factors (Hs-CRP and TNF-α) was not significant.

Conclusion: The results indicated that CuEO supplementationcan improve some antioxidative indices, as SOD and TAC, while decreasing MDA in patients with MetS. Furtheremore, the dara indicate that consumption of 225-mg/d CuEO improve diyastplic blood pressure and WHR. In conclusion cumin supplementation can help in the MetS patients.