Association of dietary inflammatory index and food pattern with insulin resistance and serum levels of chemerin and omentin-1 in people with abdominal obesity

Abstract

Background: Obesity, as a low-grade inflammation, can lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and some cancers. Dietary pattern and the consequent imflammation are very important in the development or prevention of obesity. Therefore, dietary infalammatory index (DII), as indicator of food inflammation, has been recently concerned. On the other hand, application of food pattern analysis can provide more information regarding the nutritional etiology of chronic diseases including obesity via the reflection of nutritional behaviors of people. It has ben suggested that any imbalance in adipokines secretion of the obese can pplay a role in obesity complications. Chemerin and omentin 1 are adipocytokines secreted from visceral adipose tissue. They have a pivotal role in adipogenesis regulation and obesity pathogenesis. The potential links between inflammatory properties of diet and adipokines as well as insulin resistance (IR) warrant further investigation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association of DII and food pattern with IR and serum levels of chemerin and omentin 1 in people with abdominal obesity.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 151 abdominally obese subjects were recruited in Tabriz. Abdominal obesity was defined based on the cut off for waist circumference (95 cm), characterised for Iranian people. Dominant dietary patterns were identified through a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, using factor analysis. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intakes, using the formula. Biochemical parameters including omentin 1, chemerin, and insulin were measured, using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Dietary patterns including Western, healthy, and combined were determind, using factor analysis. Western pattern was the most consumed one among the study participants. There were significant associations of Western dietary pattern with fat mass (β=0.15, P=0.04) as well as healthy pattern with weight (β=0.28, P<0.001) and waist circumference (β=0.18, P=0.02), before adjusting for confounders. Around 34% of people were in the third tertile of DII; however, there were no significant differences in DII of the study participants. DII showed a significant direct association with weight, after adjustment. DII also demonstrated a significant association with chemerin even after adjustment (β=0.39, P<0.001). No significant associations were observed between DII and omentin or IR. In addition, dietary patterns showed no significant relationship with the inflammatory markers. DII indicated a reverse significant association with combined dietary pattern after asdjuctmen for confounders (β=0.37, P<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as indicated by higher DII score, is associated with elevated levels of chemerin.. In addition, DII showed a reverse association with combined dietary pattern. In other words, adherence to combined dietary pattern could lower DII score.