Evaluation of Frequency and reasons for Maxillofacial Fractures in trauma patients referring to Imam Reza Hospital from 2006-2016

Abstract

Background and goal: Fractures of the jaw and face constitute a significant part of traumatic cases. In order to intervene in the treatment and rehabilitation of the patient, facial trauma, it is essential to have information about the types of fractures and facial injuries surgery. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency and causes of jaw and facial fractures in traumatic patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital during 2006-2016. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study. It is a retrospective research. The data were collected by examining the cases in the Imam Reza Hospital during the years 2005-2016 and recorded in the checklists that had been prepared before and the variables including age, gender, type of fracture, fracture site, fracture pattern and the relationship between them were examined. The results of the study were reported using descriptive statistical methods (mean ± SD). For comparison of the relationship between groups, Chi-square analysis was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17 software. The significance level of the study was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: In this research, the men had a higher percentage than women. The mean age of all patients was 26.7 years. The majority of patients (38.7%) were in the 21 to 30 year old age group. The most and the least cause of fractures were accident and fight, which accounted for 71.2% of accidents and 0.9% of fights. The results of this study showed that men with mandibular, zygomatic and maxilla fractures had a significant relationship (P <0.05) but nasal fracture with gender was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Also, none of the studied age groups had a significant statistical relationship with the types of fractures. The most common type of fracture in the current study was nasal fracture with a frequency of 2599 people. The maxillary and zygomatic fractures had the least frequency of fracture in the present research. Conclusion: The most common cause of jaw fractures is incidents and the fracture of the nose is the most common type of fracture. Men with mandibular, zygomatic and maxilla fractures have a significant relationship (P <0.05) but nasal fracture has no significant relationship with gender (P> 0.05). None of the age groups has a significant statistical relationship with the types of fractures (P> 0.05).