Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity determine of Ascorbyl Palmitate antioxidant in HUVEC cells

Abstract

Background and objective: Food additives are added to a large number of processed foods to improve their taste quality, and preserve flavour or appearance during processing, packaging, storage, and to extend their shelf life. However food additives have been considered as unnatural products, which have risks for public health. Ascorbyl palmitate (AP) are examples of food additives that are derived from ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and used as commercial antioxidant agents. They are also used as reducing agents, flavour stabilizers, dough modifiers, browning inhibitors, colour stabilizers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and medical. AP is a widely used food additive in food industry. In this study, In this study potential cyto-genotoxicity of AP on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and interaction with serum albumin (SA) was investigated Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, while genotoxicity was evaluated using real time PCR. The mechanism of serum albumin interaction with AP was investigated using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, fluorescence) and surface resonans plasmon. Result: The growth of HUVECs was prevented by AP in dose-and time-dependent manner. Early/late apoptosis percentage in the AP treated cells was detected using flow cytometry analysis. In addition, real time PCR showed that AP induces apoptosis by up-regulation of caspase 8 and down-regulation of Bclx ratio. The experimental results of detrmine interaction showed that UV-Vis absorption spectra of SA decreased upon increasing AP concentration, indicating that the AP can bind to SA. Formation of the AP-SA complex was approved by quenching of fluorescence and the quenching mechanism was found to be resultant from dynamic procedure. The low value of equilibrium dissociation constant or affinity unit (KD) showed high affinity of AP to SA. Conclusion: The present results indicated that AP has capability to induce apoptosis in HUVECs and its better to make a thorough analysis about its extensive application in food industry. The binding of these food additives to albumins can influence the conformation of it, which may beimportant in food safety, food chemistry, food science, nutrition, etc. Therefore, it is recommended to provide a comprehensive evaluation on.