Factors associated to perceived self-efficacy and mode of delivery among pregnant women in Urmia city 2015

Abstract

Introduction: The rational and scientific rate of Cesarean Section (C-Section) is 10-15%, which in Iran is 3-4 times the global standard. Self-efficacy is the most important prerequisite for predicting behavior in stressful situations and perceived self-efficacy is the best way to control stress during pregnancy and reduce unnecessary C-sections. Considering the high rate of C-sections and the risks associated with it for mothers and infants, and also in view of the fact that in most studies, high self-efficacy is considered as a major factor in reducing C-section, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting self-efficacy and the type of delivery in Urmia ultrasound centers. Methods: This is a cohort study conducted on 530 pregnant women referring to ultrasound centers in Urmia in 2015. The simple convenient sampling method was used to 11 state ultrasound centers and 25 private ultrasound centers. Data were collected based on three types of questionnaires. SPSS software, Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The rate of C-sections was 63.6 %. In the study of the relationship between individual factors and type of delivery, only the mean of fear of delivery was significant, that is, in women with C-section, the mean of fear was higher than that of women with normal delivery. In the study of the relationship between social factors and the type of delivery, all variables had a significant effect on the type of delivery, except the physician's recommendation to the C-section. In examining the relationship between self-efficacy and demographic factors, none of the variables were significant. Among individual factors, there was a relationship between type of delivery and perceived self-efficacy; it means that self-efficacy was higher in women with normal delivery and regarding the relationship between self-efficacy with social factors, all factors were significant. Conclusion: Results of the study show that C-section occurs more in socio-economic classes. Therefore, the necessity of culture-building for the normal delivery in this class and organizational-level reforms is essential for the use of a sufficient number of qualified staff for normal delivery.