Nanobiomaterials in endodontics

Abstract

Based on recent research in the biomedical science field, nanosized particles in the form of aggregates of small numbers of atoms/molecules lodged in nano-structured biomaterials demonstrate properties that are significantly superior compared to those of the same material at larger dimensions and measurement scales. This novelty is expected to open up new horizons in every branch of science, with endodontics being no exception. Although this branch is taking its first faltering steps, research on the use of nanotechnology techniques has swept through various treatment areas in endodontics. The superb resistance of nanomaterials to wear and fatigue is believed to bring about surface modifications in currently available rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files. Irrigation solutions, intracanal medicaments, sealers, and obturating materials might exhibit superior properties by incorporating nanoparticles and drug elutions in relation to disinfection and sealing of the root canal system. In addition, research on the use of nanoparticles in regenerative endodontics is currently under way, which might lead to improved scaffolds and more efficacious delivery of growth factors. On the other hand, nanobiomaterials are considered candidates for application in direct pulp-capping techniques, with a direct effect on the formation of dentin bridges and different types of biomaterials used in root canal therapy. This chapter reviews current knowledge and research findings as well as potential future applications of nanobiomaterials in endodontics. 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.