Psychosocial correlates of low fruit and vegetable intake among adolescent boys and girls in Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study examines the frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables among a sample of adolescents in the city of Tehran and the relationship of some behavioral, cognitive, personal, and environmental factors to low fruit and vegetable intake in this group. The study sample included 834 9th, 10th, and 11th grade student adolescents aged 14-19 years. The survey instrument was a structured self-administered questionnaire that consisted of several sections on demographic and social characteristics, perceived weight status, perceived health status, physical activity, food choices, and a 50-item qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Less than daily consumption of vegetables and fruits was reported by 18% and 27% of adolescents, respectively. A significant association was found between gender and low vegetable but not fruit intake. Psychosocial and behavioral risk factors associated with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake included low self-efficacy, external locus of control, self-perception of health as fair or poor, and not having a regular exercise program.