Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 beta and Oxidation Status in the Loss of Cardioprotection by Postconditioning in Chronic Diabetic Male Rats

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus as a main risk-factor of ischemic heart disease may interfere with postconditioning'scardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) and oxidation status in chronic diabetes-induced loss of cardioprotective effect of ischemic-postconditioning (IPostC) in Wistar rats. Methods: After 8 weeks of induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (50mg/kg), hearts of control and diabetic rats were isolated and mounted on a constant-pressure Langendorff system. All hearts were subjected to 30min regional ischemia followed by 60min reperfusion (by occluding and re-opening of left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively). IPostC was applied immediately at the onset of reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, the infarct size of myocardium was measured via computerized planimetry. Myocardial contents of malondealdehyde and glutathione as indices of oxidative status were assayed spectrophotometrically and the total and phosphorylated forms of myocardial GSK-3 beta were quantified through western blotting. Results: IPostC reduced the infarct size of control hearts from 41 +/- 2.9% to 28 +/- 1.9% (P<0.05), whereas it could not induce significant changes in infarct size of diabetic animals (35 +/- 1.8% vs. 39 +/- 3.1%). IPostC-induced reduction in malondealdehyde and elevation in glutathione contents were significant only in control not in diabetic hearts. The total forms of GSK-3 beta were similar in all groups; however, the phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta (at Ser9) by IPostC was greater in control hearts than diabetics (P<0.01). Conclusion: The failure of cardioprotection by IPostC in diabetic hearts may be attributed to the loss of phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta and thereby increase in oxidative stress in diabetic states.