Orientation of the facet joints in degenerative rotatory lumbar scoliosis: an MR study on 52 patients

Abstract

Because of a degenerative component, degenerative rotatory scoliosis seems different from congenital and idiopathic subtypes of the disease. This study aims to examine the orientation of facet joints, as a known cause of degeneration, in patients with degenerative rotatory scoliosis. Lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) images and plain radiographs of 52 symptomatic patients (mean age, 50.17 years) with degenerative rotatory lumbar scoliosis (mean curve, 19.22 degrees) and 50 healthy individuals were reviewed. Facet joint angles in rotated segments and the minimum neural foramen width at all lumbar levels were measured by three observers and the average was recorded. The maximum vertebral rotation was most frequent at L4-L5 (75 %), and the majority was of type I (84.6 %) according to the Nash-Moe classification. At all lumbar spinal levels the mean facet joint angles were significantly higher on the side of rotation (L2-L3, 57.92 degrees; L3-L4, 45.00 degrees; L4-L5, 43.88 degrees) compared to those on the contralateral side (L2-L3, 20.42 degrees; L3-L4, 15.48 degrees; L4-L5, 13.12 degrees) and in controls (L2-L3, 30.21 degrees; L3-L4, 40.81 degrees; L4-L5, 45.20 degrees) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The mean facet joint angle increased significantly from L4-L5 to L2-L3 in cases and reversely in controls. The mean minimum neural foramen width was 1.29 +/- 0.85 mm on the side of rotation, 5.50 +/- 1.09 mm on the contralateral side, and 6.78 +/- 1.75 mm in controls (p < 0.001). Substantial asymmetries and abnormal orientations in facet joints were documented in patients with degenerative rotatory lumbar scoliosis. Such asymmetries may adversely affect neural foramen width.