Comparison of macular and optic nerve changes in exotropic patients with and without amblyopia and healthy individuals using optical coherence topography angiography

Abstract

Given that superficial and deep microvascular changes in the macula and optic disc and changes in the thickness of the macula can be both in the field of strabismus and in the field of amblyopia. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the changes of the macula and the optic nerve head in exotropic patients with and without amblyopia and healthy subjects using optical coherence topography angiography. Materials and methods: the type of study is cross-sectional-analytical, the sample size for the study group is a total of 75 people (50 people in the case group, 25 people in the control group). The case group was divided into two groups with amblyopia and without amblyopia, and the control group They were selected from healthy people of the same age group. Complete eye examination including measurement of visual acuity with Snellen chart and examination of eye movements, evaluation of intraocular components with slit lamp, measurement of eye pressure with Goldman tonometer, cyclofraction and BCVA measurement. From both groups, OCTA of nerve head and macula was performed and compared with OCTA of healthy subjects. Results: The average age of patients participating in this study is 28.33 ± 9.2. 37 are men and 38 are women. The results showed that there is a significant difference in superficial.parafovea.vascular.density and deep.parafovea.vascular.density between the control group and amblyopia in both eyes 05/ 0>P, and there is a significant difference in deep.parafovea.vascular.density between the group of exotropia patients without amblyopia and the group of amblyopia patients.05/ 0>P, And in the comparison of right and left eyes in superficial.parafovea.vascular.density and deep.parafovea.vascular.density in amblyopia group, there is a significant difference between amblyope and dominant eye, P<0.05.Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference in macular thickness between the amblyopia group, the control group, and the group of patients without amblyopia, P=0.01 .