The analysis of ANXA1, VCAM1, and CCL2 genes in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence. Numerous studies have investigated the regulation of inflammatory genes, indicating that any alteration can ultimately drive the nervous system toward pathogenesis. ANXA1, VCAM1, and CCL2 genes are among those involved in immune and inflammatory pathways. This study employed bioinformatics and experimental methods to examine the expression of these genes in individuals with AD and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Microarray data (GSE118553) from AD patients and healthy controls were extracted. Based on applied filters, the immune genes ANXA1, VCAM1, and CCL2 were selected to investigate expression changes in AD. The expression of ANXA1, VCAM1, and CCL2 genes was examined in the peripheral blood of 50 AD patients and 50 healthy controls using Real-time PCR. Subsequently, statistical analyses were conducted to compare the differential expression levels of biomarkers in the obtained data. Results: In the peripheral blood of AD patients, ANXA1 expression was increased, while VCAM1 expression was decreased compared to controls. However, no significant change was observed in CCL2. ROC analysis revealed that ANXA1 is effective in differentiating AD from healthy individuals.