Comparison of frequency of microorganisms isolated from blood and other body fluids and their resistance pattern and antibiogram before covid 19 and during covid 19 pandemic

Abstract

reatment-resistant hospital infections are one of the most important problems in the health field and is the mortality cause in a large number of patients every year. Pandemic outbreaks are generally associated with an increase in ICU hospitalizations and an increase in the use of antibiotics, which in turn increases the prevalence of MDR infections. It should be noted that in all regions of the world, the frequency and resistance pattern of microorganisms and their antibiogram are checked every year for each community, province, region and hospital. Unfortunately, the void of this study was felt in this area, and with the outbreak of the Covid pandemic, we decided to conduct such a study. Materials and Methods: In this study, during the years 2022 and 2023, the results of cultures and antibiograms of all body fluids, including blood, urine and fluid CSF of patients hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital were studied for the positive culture of microorganisms (Staph aureus, Staph epidermis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli). The drug resistance percentage of each microorganism was compared before and during covid 19 and the possible effect of covid on the resistance pattern of these microorganisms was measured. Results: Comparison of fluid culture’s results in patients before the covid 19 pandemic indicated that Acinetobacter baumannii was positive in 353 cases, Escherichia coli in 1154 cases, Enterococcus sp in 183 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 400 cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 214 cases, Staphylococcus aureus in 238 cases and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 363 cases. Duraing the Pandemic these values are changed as follows: Acinetobacter baumannii was positive in 456 cases, Escherichia coli in 940 cases, Enterococcus sp in 184 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 962 cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 270 cases, Staphylococcus aureus in 402 cases and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 339 cases. The investigation of microbial resistance during the covid-19 pandemic indicated that there has been a significant increase in drug resistance in all antibiotics. Total number of cases with positive culture result is significantly increased for Acinetobacter baumanii (p=0.036), Klebsiella pneumoniae (p=0.024) and Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.049) during the Covid19 pandemic compared to the period befor the pandemic.