Examining the frequency and severity of bruxism in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate and atomoxetine who referred to child and adolescent psychiatry clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 1401

Abstract

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. These people have more oral parafunctions such as Bruxism. Two commonly used drugs for the treatment of ADHD are methylphenidate and atomoxetine, which can affect the severity of teeth grinding by making changes in the central neurotransmitter system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of these two drugs on teeth grinding and also the relationship between the severity of ADHD and the severity of teeth grinding. Method: The sample size was estimated to be 166 people considering the prevalence of 57.6% of teeth grinding and the error of estimation d=0.2p, and the first type error of 5%. Sampling was done according to available methods, and people with ADHA were divided into three groups: methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and no medication. The checklist for bruxism and Connors questionnaire were filled for people. SPSS version 21 software was used for data analysis.

Results: The average brusim score was higher in boys, while no significant difference was observed between the average age, the total score of ADHD and its components between girls and boys. Also, the group treated with methylphenidate had the highest mean bruxism. As the ADHD score increased, the bruxism score also increased. A statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the average ADHD score among the severities of bruxism (p=0.004). There is a significant difference in the mean ADHD score between the non-bruxism and mild bruxism groups and the non-bruxism and moderate to severe bruxism groups, and the ADHD score is lower in the non-bruxism (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of bruxism in children with ADHD is independent of the type of drug used and only depends on the severity of ADHD. The occurrence of bruxism is more in boys.