Evaluation of the relationship between dietary indicators (dietary inflammation, total antioxidant capacity, variety and quality of diet) with the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with preeclampsia in Tabriz

Abstract

Results: The inflammatory index score of diet in pregnant women with preeclampsia was (-1.82 ± 0.55) and healthy (-2.72 ± 0.47) (p<0.001). Total dietary antioxidant capacity score in preeclamptic women was (15.66 ± 7.46) and healthy (15.89 ± 6.67) (P=0.82). The score of dietary diversity in preeclamptic women was (4.63 ± 1.66) and healthy women (5.44 ± 1.70) (p=0.002). The score of diet quality in preeclamptic women was (52.64 ± 7.94) and healthy (60.46 ± 8.55) (p<0.001). In all participants (n=180), the DII index showed a direct and significant relationship with the risk of preeclampsia. In addition, an inverse and significant relationship was observed between DDS and DQI-I with the risk of preeclampsia. However, no significant relationship was observed between DTAC and the risk of contracting the disease, even after adjusting the effect of confounders. Conclusion: The present study showed that the diet of women with preeclampsia seems to be more inflammatory compared to healthy pregnant women, and the variety and quality of their diet is less. It appears that following an anti-inflammatory, varied and high-quality diet may reduce the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Key words: Dietary inflammatory index, Dietary total antioxidant capacity, dietary diversity score, dietary quality score, preeclampsia, food frequency questionnaire Background and objective: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including preeclampsia. The inflammatory potential of diet can influence inflammatory responses in the body. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is used to measure the inflammatory potential of food. Also, dietary antioxidant compounds have a protective role against oxidative stress. There are limited studies on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Diet Quality Index (DQI-I) with preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mentioned indicators and the risk of preeclampsia in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 180 pregnant women (90 in the preeclampsia group and 90 in the control group) at the age range of 20-35 years. Preeclampsia was diagnosed based on high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or higher) and proteinuria (urinary excretion of 300 mg of protein or more in a 24-hour urine sample) after the 20th week of pregnancy. DII, DTAC, DDS and DQI-I were evaluated using a 168-item semi-quantitative questionnaire on food frequency. DTAC was calculated based on iron regenerating antioxidant power (FRAP).