Effect of wax contamination on the deformation of abutment screw head after repeated opening and closing

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to examine how the presence of wax affects the wear and deformation of abutment screw heads when subjected to repeated opening and closing cycles.

Materials and Methods: Eighteen fixtures and abutments from the Chaorum system were used, divided into three groups: a control group without wax contamination, a group with wax contamination cleaned with a dental probe, and a group with wax contamination followed by steam cleaning. The samples underwent five cycles of opening and closing with a torque of 15 Ncm. The wear and deformation of the screw heads were analyzed using AutoCAD software, measuring the perimeter, area, and angles. Statistical methods, including repeated-measures ANOVA, Mauchly test, Bonferroni test, and t-tests, were employed for data analysis.

Results: Results showed significant increases in the perimeter, area, and angle of the screw heads after repeated cycles of opening and closing in both the wax-contaminated groups and the control group. The group cleaned with a dental probe exhibited significantly higher increases in perimeter and area changes compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the group cleaned with steam and the control group in terms of perimeter and area changes. Both the dental probe group and the steam group showed significantly higher increases in angle changes compared to the control group, with the dental probe group displaying greater changes than the steam group.

Conclusion: wax contamination during screw tightening can lead to wear and deformation of abutment screw heads. It is crucial to apply torque properly to prevent complications such as screw loosening and breakage. This study highlights the importance of optimizing laboratory work and clinical protocols to address the impact of wax contamination on screw head wear and deformation. Understanding these mechanisms can improve the long-term success of dental implant treatments. Further research is needed to develop preventive measures and techniques to mitigate the effects of wax contamination and enhance the stability and reliability of implant and abutment connections.