Screening for kidney diseases in students in Laleh area of Tabriz in 2019

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that causes permanent and irreversible damage to the kidneys over time and causes the loss of kidney function over time and ultimately causes the end stage of kidney disease. The aim of this study is a screening for kidney diseases in students in Laleh area of Tabriz in 2019. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. In this study, the target population was school-age children in Tabriz in 2019. During the screening program, 523 students from the first grade of elementary school to the first grade of high school (aged 7 to 16 years old) who visited the Razi Health Center in 2019, were examined by the available or easy sampling method; So that people prone to kidney failure are identified. The screening tool was blood pressure measurement and type test. Results: In this study, the average (standard deviation) age of the subjects was 11.63 (±2.9) years. The majority of these people were female with 287 people (54.9%). History of kidney disease and blood pressure was reported in 10 cases (1.9%) and 1 case (0.2%) of the studied subjects, respectively. Family history of kidney disease and blood pressure in these people were 58 cases (11.1%) and 116 cases (22.2%), respectively. The prevalence of urobilinogen, ketonuria and glucosuria in the studied subjects was 13 cases (2.5%), 4 cases (0.8%) and 5 cases (0.1%), respectively. Also, the prevalence of bilirubinuria and nitrituria in the studied subjects was 19 cases (3.6%) and 9 cases (1.7%), respectively. The prevalence of proteinuria in these people was 18 cases (3.4%). The average (standard deviation) of urine pH in these people was 6.52 (±0.8), 65 cases (12.4%) had urine pH less than 7 and 10 cases (1.9%) had urine pH greater than 7. The median (25th and 75th percentile) of urine specific gravity was 1.03 (1.02 - 1.03). 51 cases (9.8%) of the studied subjects had mild hematuria, 11 cases (2.1%) had moderate hematuria, and 7 cases (1.3%) had severe hematuria. Among the variables of urinary problems, the variables of pyuria (P<0.001) and hematuria (P=0.020) were significantly higher in females than in males. While in other variables, no statistically significant difference was observed between male and female gender groups in the study subjects (P>0.05).