The effect of hypoxia on immunomodulating functions of gastric cancer-derived exosomes on human T lymphocyte cell model

Abstract

Cancer development is a multi-stage process in which exosomes play an important role. Exosomes are small vesicles that form in vesicular bodies in the endosomal network. The main role of exosomes seems to be the transfer of biologically active molecules between cells. Depending on the source cell, exosomes are involved in the regulation of several cellular events, with phenotypic consequences in receptor cells. Cancer-derived exosomes are important players in the formation of tumor microenvironment with the possibility of tumor cells escaping to the immune system and helping to initiate an inflammatory response. Material and Methods: cell line was cultured in the relevant culture medium under normoxy and hypoxic conditions, and their derived exosomes affected on jurkat cells. Cell proliferation assay done by MTT method and the expression of genes related to T cell activation and their apoptosis done by real-time PCR. Results: The qRT-PCR test showed changes in the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, miR-28, and miR-138 in jurkat cells under treatment with exosomes derived from MKN-45, which showed an increase in the expression of CTLA-4, and miR-138 in both normoxic, and hypoxic conditions. The expression of PD-1 decreased.