Fabrication of Cyclodextrin Nanosponges for Nisin and Metronidazole Delivery and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Properties against Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major issue nowadays. Researchers have been looking for novel approaches to treat bacterial infections for several decades. Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), can be thought of as a potential option due to Helicobacter pylori’s strong resistance to metronidazole, however its use is restricted mostly because of its low stability. Due to this, nanosponges based on Cyclodextrin (CDNS) were synthesized and loaded with nisin and metronidazole. Objective: The objective of this study is to load nisin and metronidazole into already prepared cyclodextrin nanosponges in order to investigate their antibacterial characteristics.Methodology: For the purpose of loading nisin and metronidazole, a cyclodextrin nanosponge with a certain crosslinker percentage was synthesized and studied employing FTIR, SEM, DLS, and DSC methods. The amount of drug loading and in vitro release on the target carrier were both examined. The broth microdilution technique has also been used for microbial research. Results: A specific quantity of nisin (Encapsulation Efficiency = 90 %) and metronidazole (Encapsulation Efficiency = 41 %) can be loaded into the carrier due to its porous structure. The outcomes of the FTIR and DSC tests provide support for the creation of the aforementioned drug encapsulation and carrier. Nisin and metronidazole released slowly from the carrier in 48 hours, at rates of 55 % and 36 %, respectively, according to release diagrams of in vitro. The carrier itself inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori (at a concentration of 8000 µg/ml, it reduced bacterial growth by around 60%) and enhances the anti microbial effects of nisin and metronidazole against bacteria at various concentrations. Conclusion: The created nanosponge can be used as a carrier for nisin and metronidazole with appropriate loading and gradual release. The antibacterial effects of nisin and metronidazole in the formulation have been enhanced by this carrier.