Preparing and evaluation, physical-mechanical characterization, and antifungal effect of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material containing nystatin-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

Abstract

Introduction: C.albicans is the main factor of acrylic-denture candidosis. Metalic-Nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of Nystatin coated silver nanoparticles in acrylic resin as a biocompatible material in denture resins.

Materials & methods: PMMA specimens with three different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 10% (W/W)) of Nystatin, silver nanoparticles and Nystatin coated silver nanoparticles were prepared. The synthetized nanomaterial characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, DLS. The water absorption properties of the disks were investigated during 14 days and drug release during 120 hours. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of prepared polymers, their contact angle was checked by CAG device using distilled water and sessile drop technique. For antimicrobial activity, the specimens were incubated by C. albicans and streptococous mutans suspension for 24 hours, inhibition zone diameter were counted and the data was analyzed.

Results: Nanocomposite of nystatin coated with silver nanoparticles in poly methyl methacrylate with a concentration of 10% (W/W) effectively inhibited C. albicans growth (inhibition zone diameter = 24 mm), which had better affect than 10% (W/W) nystatin composites alone (inhibition zone diameter = 16 mm). Also, the medium containing discs prepared on NIH3 normal cells had no toxicity effect in any of the nanocomposites. Nystatin coated silver nanoparticles decrease the contact angle of discs from 67° to 49°. Also, absorption rates of treated discs were not significantly different from control discs. The speed of drug release from the discs containing Nystatin coated silver nanoparticles was higher than the discs containing Nystatin. Conclusion: Nanocomposite of silver nanoparticles coated nystatin in poly methyl methacrylate effectively inhibited the C.Albicans growth, which its effect is more powerful than silver nanoparticles and Nystatin composites. Also, silver nanoparticles coated nystatin composite have great antibacterial affect against streptococous mutans as well as silver nanoparticles discs. silver nanoparticles coated nystatin can be considered as a good candidate to the treatment of chronic oral disease derived from the fungi and bacteria to incorporate in denture resins, in large part due to the long term and sustainable efficiency as well as lower toxicity and its easy handling.