Effect of Sol-Gel-Derived SiO2–CaO–P2O5–MgO-SrO Bioactive glass on Remineralizing of Early Enamel Lesions

Abstract

Background: Due to the nano structure, bioactive glasses can be effective in remineralization of tooth enamel. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synthesized bioactioglass on the remineralization rate and morphology of the damaged enamel surface.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 72 third molar of human teeth that were free of caries and fillings were selected. After extraction, the teeth were disinfected by placing them in thymol solution for one week. Then the crown of the teeth was cut longitudinally by a cutting machine with a thickness of about 2 mm and it was placed in the ultrasonic machine for 10 minutes to remove debris. All samples were etched by 37% phosphoric acid for 2 minutes. A suspension with a concentration of 20% was prepared on 36 of the samples from synthesized bioactioglass powder and applied for 15 days (10 minutes per day) and placed in the ultrasonic machine for 3 minutes. The remaining 36 samples (control) were only placed in the ultrasonic device. To study the created coating, the samples were examined by SEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR and microhardness tests. The data were statistically analyzed with GraphPad Prism 9.5.0 software and ANOVA, Bonferroni statistical tests.

Results: The samples showed a significant decrease in microhardness after demineralization. The microhardness of remineralized teeth was significantly higher than that of demineralized teeth (P < 0.001). The XRD test results (theta=26,32 in both cases) did not show a significant difference in the degree of mineralization of the studied groups. The ATR-FTIR test results in V3PO4 was not significantly different in three groups. However, ATR-FTIR in V1PO4 showed the mineralization rate in the control group (tooth without caries) significantly higher than the caries and restoration groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Application of synthesized bioactive glass increased microhardness during enamel mineralization process.