Evaluation of the effects of exosomes derived from human mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) on the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with allergic asthma

Abstract

Inflammatory responses play a significant role in the development and progression of asthma. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells, such as bone marrow cells, help to regenerate and protect lung tissue, and therefore the use of stem cells may be a powerful treatment to prevent inflammation caused by asthma and regenerate lung tissue. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, have recently attracted the attention of researchers as cell mediators. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) in people with allergic asthma. Materials and methods: After isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the cells were cultured. Then exosome was isolated from the supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells and cultured with PBMC and the differentiation of regulatory T cells was checked by flow cytometry. Also, the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines in PBMC were measured. Results: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells increase the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Also, the results showed that the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines increased in PBMC of people with allergic asthma. Discussion: In general, these observations showed that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells may increase the differentiation of regulatory T cells as well as increase the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and play an effective role in improving patients with allergic asthma. Keywords: exosome, extracellular vesicles, allergic asthma, mesenchymal stem cells, regulatory T lymphocytes