Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of curcumin nanoparticles on Porphyromonas gingivalis cultured from gingival fluids of patients with bone resorption around implants more than 1/3 of whole length

Abstract

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis has always been one of the main causes of infection around the implant, and antibiotics are commonly used to control it. Numerous side effects of synthetic drugs as well as the spread of drug resistance have led to a tendency to antimicrobials of natural origin such as plants. Considering that one of the reasons for the failure of dental implants is the problem of infection, in this study, we will investigate the effect of curcumin nanocrystals on microbial contamination cultured from the gingival sulcus of patients with implant failure (with analysis of more than 1/3 of whole length) with the possibility of infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, bacterial samples were collected from gingival crevice fluid in implants with analysis of more than 1/3 of whole length from 15 patients. It was then transferred to a microbiology laboratory and cultured in a nutrient culture medium. Porphyromonas gingivalis species were isolated and cultured in specific culture medium. To evaluate the antibacterial effect of curcumin nanoparticles, a sample of bacteria isolated from patients (which had a higher Kant colony) was selected, followed by disk diffusion methods, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MBC). Was used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial effects of curcumin nanoparticles against Porphyromonas gingivalis. The results were reported as descriptive indicators. In order to compare the antibacterial properties, analysis of variance or its non-parametric equivalent (Kruskal-Wallis) was used. SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis. The probability value less than 0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: Out of 15 patients studied, 8 patients (53.33%) were positive for the results of culturing Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the rest of the samples (46.66%) the culture result of this bacterium was negative. The results of laboratory microbial tests showed that the suspension of curcumin nanoparticles at a concentration of MIC=6.25µg/ml had a significant inhibitory effect and at a concentration of MBC=12.5µg/ml showed a bactericidal effect. Conclusion: According to the results of the culture method, only 53.33% of patients were positive about the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and to better confirmation, the use molecular method is suggested. The results of antimicrobial testing showed that the use of new plant antimicrobials can be effective in controlling bacterial infection around the implant. The use of these nanoparticles in optimal formulation and appropriate concentration can replace the use of chemical antimicrobials in the future and help the durability and stability of the implant.