Comparison of osteogenesis in dental pulp stem cells and adipose tissue faced with PRP, in vitro study

Abstract

Introduction: Reconstructing defective or lost bone tissue definitively and effectively has long been a major medical challenge. Dental pulp and adipose tissues stem cells provide more convenient access and extraction than adult stem cells during life. Recently, PRP has been used clinically in the reconstruction of multiple tissues in different ways, with varying results of efficacy. Researchers suggest that large bone defects caused by large benign tumors such as fibrous dysplasia, large giant cells, and mononuclear cysts, as well as long bone fractures, can be treated by mesenchymal stem cell injection.

Materials and Methods: Initially, dental pulp stem cells and fat stem cells were cultured as cell sources as well as bone marrow stem cells were cultured as known cell sources. The case groups were given a culture medium that contains 20% PRP taken from rabbit veins every three days. Groups without PRP were considered as control.

Results: The result of the present study showed that PRP significantly increased ossification in all three types of stem cells, including adipose, bone marrow, and dental pulp stem cells. Also, dental pulp stem cells exhibited a significantly higher rate of ossification than adipose stem cells. No significant difference was found in the expression of genes related to ossification and mineral deposition between mesenchymal cells of the dental pulp and those of bone marrow.

Conclusion: Dental pulp stem cells can be a suitable alternative to bone marrow stem cells in bone regeneration research.