Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of sustained-release polylactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine inside the implant fixture

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Titanium-based implants are widely used due to their good biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. Infections after implant placement are the main reason for failure of implant treatment. Some recent studies have also shown that microbial contamination can occur at the implant-abutment level in implants with healthy or diseased surrounding tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of slow release nanoparticles of polylactic acid glycolic acid loaded with chlorhexidine inside the implant fixture. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, the number of 36 implants in 3 groups and in the bacterial culture environment were examined. In the first group, polylactic acid nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine, in the second group, the negative control group (distilled water inside the implant cavity) and in the third group, the positive control group (chlorhexidine) were used. Bacterial suspension including Escherichia coli ATCC:25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC:6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC:29212 was used to investigate the effect of nanoparticles. Results: The results showed that the use of chlorhexidine loaded in PLGA nanoparticles significantly inhibited the growth of all three bacteria. The difference in the average number of bacterial colonies in all three studied groups was statistically significant. Nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine had a significant decrease in the growth rate of all three bacteria compared to chlorhexidine and water. Also, compared to water, chlorhexidine had a significant decrease in the growth rate of all three bacteria. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the average growth of the studied bacteria, so that the lowest bacterial growth rate was observed in the Enterococcus faecalis/Plga-cho group, and the highest bacterial growth rate was observed in the E. coli/H2O and Staphylococcus aureus/H2O groups. . Conclusion: The current study showed that the use of chlorhexidine loaded in PLGA nanoparticles can significantly inhibit the growth of all three bacteria. Of course, the current study was conducted in vitro and to obtain clinical results, we need to conduct a study on human samples. In addition, the results of this study showed that chemicals can be used in low concentrations and in a targeted manner in cases of dealing with bacterial infections, which can lead to better and targeted performance as well as reducing possible side effects.