Development of new sample prepartion method based on deep eutectic solvent forextraction and preconcentration of some heavy metals from honey beewasx and their determination by indcutively coupled plasma

Abstract

Introduction: Heavy metals are one of the environmental pollutants that human exposure to them can cause chronic diseases. In recent years, accurate determination of heavy metal ions that they can be found in food samples was a significant subject and due to this, introducing new analytical approaches for reliable and effective determination of them in essential in food samples like honey. Expression of purpose: The major aim of this work was the development of an efficient analytical approach for the simultaneous extraction of six heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Tl, and Pb) form honey samples and their analysis by ICP-AES. Method: For this purpose, the metal ions were extracted from honey matrix by a salt induced-homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (SI-HLLE) using a mixture of n-butanol and a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The separated phase was used in the following dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure. In the introduced method, a new ternary DES (produced from choline chloride (ChCl), menthol, and p-aminophenol) was prepared and utilized as an efficient extraction solvent/complexing agent, simultaneously. Results: Under the optimum situations, low limits of detection (0.24-0.74 ng g–1) and quantification (0.79–2.46 ng g–1), high extraction recoveries (80-92%), and good repeatability (relative standard deviations equal or less than 3.6 and 3.9% for intra– and inter day precisions, respectively) were acquired. Discussion and conclusions: According to results this method showed some advantages such as low LODs and LOQs, broad LRs, acceptable RSDs, and high ERs. Last of all, the develop approach was effectively done on various honey samples obtained from different stores in Tabriz to determine concentrations of the target heavy metal ions in them at ng g–1 level.