Hyper branching of GO nanoparticles to develop pH-sensitive high-efficiency loading nanocarrier for doxorubicin delivery to osteosarcoma cell line

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor with a poor prognosis that occurs during the rapid growth phase of long bones so it usually happens in children and adolescents. Surgery and chemotherapy as the first line of tackling are not quite efficient and poses very high risks and side effect on patients’ general health. Hence, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic solution. In this regard, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have opened a new window to overcome these problems. Methods: In this study, chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) was incorporated onto the surface of pH-sensitive polyhydroxy glycerol- grafted graphene oxide nanoparticles, and its loading capacity, release efficiency, and cytotoxicity was assessed using various molecular tests such as flow cytometry, RT-PCR, MTT, and apoptosis assay. In vivo cytotoxicity assay of this nanocarrier was performed by determining the biochemical parameters attributed to organ injuries, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for histopathological manifestations, which showed that the nanocarrier has no significant toxic effect on healthy tissues.

Results: The results showed that nanocarriers do not have a significant toxic effect on healthy tissues. While DOX-loaded nanocarriers increase the toxicity of DOX drug on Saos-2 cells and increase the induction of apoptosis. In-vivo results showed that the synthesized nanocarriers were able to reduce the side effects of DOX on healthy tissues.