The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on treatment success in hemodialysis patients during dental treatment: A systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Dental treatments, including soft and hard tissues, can transfer bacteria to blood serum and cause infective endocarditis in susceptible and at-risk patients patients. Therefore, antibiotic prophylaxis is required in these cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in hemodialysis patients undergoing dental treatment.

Methods: Articles from the desired databases using the keywords "antibiotic prophylaxis" and "hemodialysis" and search in English language databases, Medline (Ovid), CINHAL, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, ProQuest, and Persian language Such as SID, IranDoc, Magiran IranMedex was performed.

Findings: Out of 18selected studies from 120 articles that examined antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing hemodialysis during dental treatment, most articles (16 articles) showed that patients with renal failure (kidney dialysis) are better treated with antibiotic prophylaxis and the infection doesn’t relapse. Few articles (2 articles) referred to the limited and cautious use of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis seems to be necessary for patients who need to undergo dental surgery. In these patients, the risk of infection increases due to increased systemic disease and leukocyte dysfunction. Therefore, these people are also suitable for antibiotic use and antibiotic prophylaxis.