Development of carboxylated graphene oxide as mixed hemmimicelle dispersive solid phase extraction adsorbent in methamphetamine extraction from urine

Abstract

Introduction: Methamphetamine is known as a critical central nervous sysytem stimulant which leads to crime among young people. Therefore, methamphetamine determination is of great interest to researchers in clinical and forensic laboratories. Aim: Carboxylated coupled ionic liquid graphene oxide nanoparticles was synthesized and applied as a new adsorbent in mixed hemmimicelle dispersive solid-phase extraction (MHMDSPE) of methamphetamine from human urine samples. Material and method: Nano graphene oxide was synthesized through modified Hummer method. The graphene oxide was carboxylated by hydrothermal method and then ionic liquid was coupled to the nanocomposite. After full characterization of the prepared adsorbent by various techniques, the nanocomposite was used in mixed hemmimicelle dispersive solid-phase extraction of methamphetamine from urine. Effective extraction parameters were optimized by one- parameter-at-a-time method. Analysis of real samples was carried out by the proposed method. Results: Carboxylated coupled ionic liquid graphene oxide nanoparticles was used for efficient extraction of methamphetamine. Carboxylated adsorbentwas characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and zeta potential, and then optimization of effective parameters in the extraction process was performed. The synthesis method of nano adsorbent was easy, and reproducible responses were obtained in methamphetamine extraction. The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 100-2000 ng/mL and validation of the method was carried out. limit of detection was 20 ng/ml. Discussion: The analysis of methamphetamine in the urine samples from addicted subjects was carried out using the prepared nanocomposite-based method followed by HPLC. Determination with the proposed method confirmed the applicability of the method in different laboratories