Efficacy, Safety and Application of Ultraviolet Radiation for Disinfection in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: According to emerging species of bacteria and viruses, new antimicrobial procedures are of significant importance. The objective of this systematic review study was to identify the efficacy, safety and application of UV light in disinfection of dental environment, instruments and materials.

Materials and methods: An electronic search of Google Scholar, Pubmed and SCOPUS databases was performed to retrieve related English-language articles published between the year 1990 and 2020. At first, the selected articles were reviewed by screening their titles and abstracts and ultimately by full text.

Results: A total of 35 articles were considered relevant and included in this study. Fifteen studies were regarding the antibacterial efficacy of UV radiation on various bacterial, fungal and viral species. Two studies applied UV irradiation for disinfection of titanium implants. Sixteen articles suggested the application of UV radiation for disinfection of dental impressions, toothbrushes, N95 masks, removable prostheses, acrylic resins and surfaces. Furthermore, one study strongly suggested using eye protection appliances while working with UV radiation and one study claimed that UVB radiation can lead to oral and skin cancer and, this risk is higher for oral cancer.

Conclusion: UV radiation with a specific dose and certain duration is effective in killing viruses, bacteria and fungi for disinfection in dental procedures, which includes dental tools and materials such as toothbrushes, dental implants, impression materials, removable dentures and dental environment. In order to reduce its harmful effects on the eyes and skin, emphasis is made on the principles of protection.