Comparison of The serum level of gut derived nitrogenous waste products (Indoxyl sulfate and para cresol) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic that is the most common cause of kidney disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Sulfate (IS) and cresol para (p-cresol) are among the uremic toxins that bind to protein and accumulate in the body as renal function decreases. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of endogenous nitrogenous waste products such as Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and cresol para (p-cresol) produced in the intestine of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional-descriptive-analytical study, patients were first selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of all eligible patients participating in this study. 2 cc of intravenous blood was collected under sterile conditions and the samples were collected during the collection of patients in the refrigerator intended for this study in the laboratory. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 diabetic patients with or without diabetic nephropathy were included in the study. The duration of diabetes and the amount of insulin used and the amount of indoxyl sulfate were significantly different between the two groups (P-Value <0.05) and other parameters studied in this study between the two groups. There were no significant differences (P-Value <0.05).