omparison of oral health indexes in patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is among the most common inflammatory diseases. Diabetes is a risk factor for greater periodontal destruction. Periodontitis is recognized as the sixth serious complication of diabetes. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare oral health indices (DMFT and gingival index) in patients with controlled and uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied in three groups: patients with HbA1C > 7%, patients with HbA1C 7-9% and patients with HbA1C < 9%. The required information was obtained using oral examination for DMFT index and gingival index. Demographic variables were collected through a questionnaire. Blood tests were requested to measure HbA1C and FBS in patients. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS17 statistical software and the significance level was determined to be P< 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of decayed teeth (P = 0.017), missing (P = 0.034), and the overall DMFT index between the three groups (P <0.001). While the mean changes in the number of restored teeth between the three groups were not significant (P = 0.346). There was also a statistically significant difference in the plaque index (P = 0.031) between the three groups. In the HbA1C<7 group, it was significantly lower than the other two groups with higher HbA1C. But there was no statistically significant difference in the bleeding on probing between the three groups (P = 0.165). Also, the mean gingival index in the HbA1C>9 group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P = 0.015). Conclusion From the present study, it is concluded that the mean of oral health indices in patients with HbA1C>9 was significantly higher than patients with HbA1C<7. Therefore, it is necessary to inform diabetic patients, especially patients whose HbA1C level is higher than 9%.