Comparing the effect of Mineral trioxide aggregate, Calcium enriched mixture, Biodentine and Calcium hydroxide on Odontoblastic differentiation, inflammatory response, and Angiogenic potential of human dental pulp cells

Abstract

Introduction: Reparative dentinogenesis is the result of successive and interrelated processes, including chemotaxis, proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell differentiation. This in vitro experimental study was designed to compare some biocompatibility properties of four common cements used in direct pulp capping. Methods and Materials: HDPCs and HUVECs were cultured and tube formation test and the following analysis were performed on the cultured cells: 1. Assessing ALP activity. 2. Expression analyses of the genes related with odontogenesis, inflammation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. 3. Tube formation test. 4. Detection of NO and PGE2 in the supernatant of human dental pulp cell culture solution. For statistical analysis t-test, Mann-Whiteny and ANOVA tests were performed by Prism v.8 and a level of p <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Regarding the cytotoxicity, Biodentin showed the lowest toxicity in 48 hours and 7 days. MTA performed best in cell viability test. In the context of angiogenesis, MTA cement showed the highest rate of angiogenesis. Regarding the odontogenesis, Biodentin showed the highest gene expression. In the expression of inflammatory genes evaluation, it was found that MTA causes the lowest expression of inflammatory genes. Finally, the crucial role of CH cement was identified in the expression of genes involved in osteogenesis. Conclusion: The best pulp capping cement is the capping that in addition to angiogenesis and osteogenesis, has a positive effect on angiogenesis and also has anti-inflammatory properties and has the highest degree of biocompatibility. As a result, summarizing the results of this study, it can be said that MTA cement has more positive characteristics compared to CH, CEM and Biodentin cements to be used as a suitable candidate for pulp capping.