Development and Psychometrics of Nursing Students Self-esteem Measuring ‎Instrument

Abstract

Abstract: Background and Objective: Measuring nursing students' self-esteem is very ‎important with regard to the role it plays in development of clinical competence and ‎the relationship of self-esteem and depression. Results of studies have shown that in ‎most cases, general self-esteem scales are employed to measure this concept in nursing ‎students. However, general instruments are not capable of measuring dimensions and ‎exclusive attributes of this concept in nursing students. Therefore, this study was ‎conducted with the aim of development and psychometric of special self-esteem ‎measuring instrument in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two qualitative and ‎quantitative sections using mixed method research with exploratory content analysis ‎design. Qualitative section conducted using conventional qualitative content analysis, ‎a combination of 14 nursing students and conducting content analysis for extraction ‎of attributes, reviewing literature (to add attributes not being extracted in previous ‎step) and using experts opinion were employed to design instrument items.‎In quantitative section, surveying 15 experts about face validity, content validity ratio ‎and 12 experts about content validity index of instruments were investigated. To ‎assess face validity of instruments, 30 students were interviewed and impact factor of ‎items was calculated. Then, primary internal consistency of instruments, construct and ‎criterion validity of instruments along with internal consistency of instruments and ‎subscales were evaluated using sample size of 300 students and test-retest reliability ‎were investigated with sample size of 30students.‎ Findings: Designed instrument entered psychometric step at the end of qualitative ‎section with total number of 97 items. After assessing content and face validity and ‎eliminating some items in mentioned steps, finally instruments entered construct ‎validity stage with 50 items. Based on results of factor analysis, three factors ‎including professional pride, professionalizing, and role limbo were determined with ‎change percentage of 44.77%. Internal consistency for all items was 0.96 and about ‎between dimensions was 0.83 to 0.91. In criterion validity, correlation coefficient ‎between total scale and Rosenberg scale was 0.375 with p<0.0001. Test-retest ‎reliability of the instruments was 0.94 using Spearman-Brown coefficient. ‎Conclusion: Professional self-esteem instrument in nursing students can measure ‎different dimensions of self-esteem in nursing students and it has good validity and ‎reliability.‎ Keywords: Self-Esteem; Nursing Student; Specific Instruments of Self-Esteem