The effect of rutin nanocrystals on VDR gene expression in oral cancer cells (HN5)

Abstract

Introduction: Herbal medicines are of special importance in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cancer. Rutin is a plant active ingredient with various therapeutic effects, but due to its hydrophobicity, its bioavailability is low. The synthesis of nanoparticles improves the bioavailability of hydrophobic materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rutin nanoparticle preparation and the effect of rutin and nanorutin on human HN5 oral cancer cells by evaluating the toxicity and gene expression. Materials and Methods: In this study, rutin nanocrystals were prepared and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Then, to evaluate the cytotoxicity of rutin and nanorotin in 24 and 48 hours used from MTT cell test and the expression of VDR gene was evaluated by Real Time RT-PCR. For statistical analysis of data, t-test and ANOVA were performed by SPSS software version 17 and a significant level of p≤0.05 was considered. Results: The nano-rutin particle size of 110 nm was reported. The results of MTT assay for rutin cytotoxicity showed that rutin had no toxic effect on HN5 cells for 24 and 48 hours at different concentrations. But nanorutin at 24 and 48 hours showed toxic effects on HN5 cells at all concentrations and its 50IC was calculated to be 31.25 (p <0.05). The results of the MTT test show that the effect of nanorutin on HN5 cells was concentration-dependent. VDR gene expression was not significantly different in rutin treated HN5 cells. Nanorutin significantly decreased VDR gene expression (p <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the increase of toxicity of nanorutin 100 times more than rutin on oral cancer cells, this substance can be a suitable option in the design of anti-cancer drugs, especially in combination with chemical anti-cancer drugs.