Nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus in basic and clinical period of dental students Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and detection its Methicillin-Resistant isolated 2019

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the cause of severe and resistant infections acquired from hospitals and communities around the world. A serious concern about this bacterium is the spread of antibiotic resistance to several antibiotics (MDR) .This study was performed to determine and compare the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of dental students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and its resistance to methicillin in 2019-2020.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, which was conducted during the years 2019-2020 in the School of Dentistry of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, dental students entered the study in two courses of clinic and basic sciences. The noses of dental students were sampled and cultured. Suspected Staphylococcus aureus colonies were examined using hot staining and enzymatic reactions such as catalase test, coagulase test, hemolysis and DNase test. To determine the antibiotic resistance of isolates to methicillin (MRSA), disk diffusion method was used on Müller-Hinton agar medium. After collecting data, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, mean ± standard deviation) were used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test to compare carriers between the two groups of basic sciences and clinics was used. Data analysis with SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05 was used. Results: The number of dental students of the clinic course (entrance 2014) participating in the study was 54 and the number of dental students of the basic sciences course (entrance 2018) participating in the study was 38 people. In the clinic group, 25 patients (46.3%) were positive for Staphylococcal nasal culture. In the basic sciences group (pre-clinic), 19 patients (50%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus nasal culture, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.833). In 44 positive culture samples obtained from 92 samples, no methicillin resistant cases were observed.

Conclusion: In this study, 46.3% of dental students in the clinic carrying Staphylococcus aureus and 50% of dental students in the basic sciences course (pre-clinic) were carrying Staphylococcus aureus, which were not significantly different and no case of MRSA was found in the study groups.