Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic effects of a new biomaterial “ Nano-hydroxyapatite-Lactoferrin” , nano-hydroxyapatite, MTA and CEM on human dental pulp stem-cells

Abstract

Background and goal: Biomaterials used in the treatment of direct pulp coating have own disadvantages. Therefore, studies are ongoing to identify the ideal compounds for this treatment in both primary and permanent teeth. Due to the recent remarkable results of NHA and lactoferrin combination in orthopedic fields and their high ability to induce osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, in this study, the cytotoxicity of NHA and lactoferrin on pulp stem cells was investigated for the first time. It was compared with MTA, CEM and NHA alone. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 5000 dental pulp stem cells were cultured in plate houses of 96 houses. Before planting, the test material was placed on the bottom of the plates and sterilized. Cytotoxicity and number of viable cells were evaluated based on MTT assay protocol and kit. This test was performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Data were analyzed by Two way ANOVA. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS17 software and the significance level was considered P <0.05. Findings: The proliferation rate of nano-hydroxyapatite did not change significantly up to 48 hours but increased significantly in 72 hours (p <.05). The proliferation rate of nano-hydroxyapatite with lactoferrin did not change significantly for up to 48 hours but increased significantly at 72 hours (p <.05). After 24 hours, the lowest proliferation rate is related to MTA and the highest rate of proliferation is related to NHA-LF. CEM and NHA proliferation rates and vcontrols are similar. At 48 hours, the lowest number of cells was still seen in the MTA group. The number of cells in other groups was increased. After 72 hours, the proliferation rate of MTA, CEM and control materials is the same. The highest rate of proliferation is related to NHA-LF, followed by NHA.

Results: The combination of lactoferrin and nanohydroxyapatite in the presence of dental pulp stem cells leads to increased proliferation of these cells. This substance had no toxic effects at any of the times studied in this study and can be used directly or indirectly as a pulp coating in future studies.