Transition in Cigarette Smoking Stages and Its Relationship with Parenting Styles of their Parents in Female High Schools Students of Tabriz (2018).

Abstract

Abstract Title: Transition in Cigarette Smoking Stages and Its Relationship with Parenting Styles of their Parents in Female High Schools Students of Tabriz (2018). Introduction: Epidemic of tobacco consumption is one of the greatest threats of public health. Adolescence period is the most life-threatening period in terms of substance abuse initiation. In recent years, we are encountered with an increasing trend of cigarette smoking in girls, and it is important to study the transition in cigarette smoking stages and its affecting factors. Because family environment has fundamental role at teenager’s behavior, also with regard to the role of schools about taking care of large groups of teenagers, this study examined the relationship between parenting styles and transition in cigarette smoking stages. Matrials and methods: In this longitudinal study, students were assessed twice with 6 months interval between October 2017 and May 2018. By multistage random sampling method 2150 high school students were selected in Tabriz city. Initially, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, attitude toward cigarette smoking, smoking status was completed by students. Also, parenting styles questionnaire was completed by parents. Six months later, the smoking status of the students was assessed again. Logistic regression analyses were used in data analyses by using SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of students was 15.75± 0.67 years. During six-months 9.2 percent of students were progressed at the nine stages of cigarette smoking. The results indicated that 2.9 and 2.7 percent of students were progressed from never smoking stage to experimenter and from experimenter stage to regular smoking, respectively. Father’s education, field of studies, having smoker friends, participating in smoking groups, hookah smoking and attitude toward cigarette smoking were significantly related with transition from never smoking stage to experimenter (P<0.005). Also, attitude toward cigarette smoking was related to transition from experimenter stage to regular smoking (P<0.001). The authoritative parenting style was common in the families. There was no significant relation between parenting styles and transition in cigarette smoking stages. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, there was no relationship between parenting styles and transition in smoking stages. It is suggested that studies with a larger sample size, in both sexes, with more than twice follow-ups, be conducted to comment on the relationship between parenting styles and the transition in smoking stages.