Prevalence and possible causes of molar-incisor enamel hypomineralization of 8-10 years old children in Tabriz in 2019

Abstract

Introduction:

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is designated to describe the clinical appearance of hypomineralization with the systemic origin of enamel on one or more permanent molars, often associated with effective incisors. Defective hypomineralized molars are prone to plaque buildup and decay and therefore need more dental treatment. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible causes of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children aged 10-8 years in Tabriz.

Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling was performed randomly among students aged 8 to 10 years from 10 schools of Tabriz's Schools under the supervision of Tabriz education and promotion department. The examinations for MIH and other types of enamel defects were performed and the possible factors related to them were assessed by a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS v 22 software.

Results: 369 students were enrolled 79 female students and 270 male students in six Boy's elementary school and four Girl's elementary school, of which 40 (10.84%) had hypomineralization. Students with MIH had an average age of 8.29 (± 0.8) and included 34 male students (85%) and 6 female students (15%). 55 students entered the control group with a mean age of 8.55 (±0.98) and included 48 male students (87.3%) and 7 female students (12.7%). There was no significant difference in age (p= 0.124) and gender (p = 0.63) between the control group and patients. Multiple regression analysis with controlling for confounding effects of demographic characteristics showed that among the various characteristics studied, the following characteristics had a significant relationship with hypomineralization including maternal education, breast milk allergy, diarrhea and vomiting, smallpox, urinary tract inflammation, and persistent antibiotic use. Students with hypomineralization also had other dental problems including caries, history of repairing or teeth extraction and fissures, and these cases were more prevalent than that in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of hypomineralization in the 8 to 10-year-old students was 10.84%. Also, various factors were related to the incidence of this problem and more dental problems were seen in these students. Therefore, these students need more attention and more regular examinations.