Effect of Concentrated growth factor (CGF) on proliferation and attachment of human gingival fibroblast on titanium surfaces- in vitro

Abstract

Background: The peri-implant soft tissues form a crucial seal between the oral environment, the bone, and the implant surface and ensures healthy conditions and stable osseointegration and therefore also the long-term survival of an implant. While over the past two decades most research has focused on hard tissue integration of dental implants, more recently, soft tissue healing around implants has been the focus of much discussion due to its prominent role in their long-term maintenance. CGF contains various growth factors that accelerate revascularization of injured tissues and inducing the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Aim: Considering the critical role of gingival fibroblasts in periodontal repair, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) as an innovative approach to accelerate wound healing and increase the connective tissue seal around dental implants. Methods: Gingival fibroblast Cells prepared from Iranian biological resource center and were passage .At first, an appropriate concentration of CGF was obtained (In groups with concentration of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80% CGF); then, HGF cell viability was measured at 40% concentration of CGF on titanium disks in 24 hours. Cell proliferation was evaluated in days 1, 3 and 5. The adhesion of the cell to the titanium disks was evaluated with CGF at 24 hours. Staining of collagen type 1 was done in 1 weeks. Differences between the control and test groups were tested using Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test was used to compare cell proliferation at different times. The level of statistical significance was set at p＜0.05. Results: The efficacy of 40 and 80% concentrations of CGF compared to the control group was statistically significant. (P-value = 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the groups of 40 and 80% (P value = 0.061).The cell viability on titanium disc with CGF was significantly higher than the control group (P value = 0.001). Cell proliferation was significantly different in the 3 and 5 days than in the control group (P value 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). According to the SEM images, it seams adhesion of cells in group with CGF was higher than the control group in 24 hours. The amount of collagen production by HGF with CGF in 7 days was significantly higher than the control group (P value<0.0001). . Conclusion: This study showed that the use of 40% CGF concentration improves the cell viability, proliferation, adhesion of HGF and typing collagen type 1 production by these cells in the titanium disc sorface.