Effect of light emitting diode photobiomodulation on the stability of dental implants in bone grafted cases: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Introduction: The high success rate of implants has made implant-based prostheses attractive to edentulous patients. Osseointegration lasts 4–6 months, increasing to 6–8 months in cases requiring bone grafts and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Many efforts have been made to accelerate osseointegration such the LLL and LED photobiomodulation. Materials and methods: Twelve patients aged 35–75 years underwent bimaxillary immediate implant surgery with particulate bone grafts between the socket wall and the implant and the transmucosal abutment was attached on implants at the same time. The intervention side was exposed to LED radiation at a wavelength of 265 nm and 25 nW/cm2 for 20 minutes a day one day preoperatively and 10 consecutive sessions, starting from the day of surgery. A trained operator who was not aware of the study methodology measured and recorded the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value on both sides immediately, one month and three months after the surgery. Results: The results showed that the ISQ value was 37.54 on the non-irradiated side immediately after surgery, which decreased to 35.09 one month postoperatively and increased to 46.45 at third month postoperatively. The ISQ value was 36.73 immediately after surgery on the irradiated side, which increased to 47.36 and 71.18 one and three months postoperatively, respectively. There were significant differences between the ISQ values on the irradiated side at all the three time intervals, but there was a significant difference in the non-radiation side, except for two other two time intervals of immediately and one month after surgery. Although there was no significant difference between the two sides in terms of the ISQ value immediately after the surgery, the ISQ value was significantly higher on the irradiated side compared to the non-irradiated side 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Although LED did not change the ISQ value immediately after surgery, the LED not only did not decrease ISQ value one month postoperatively, but also it led to a slight increase. LED radiation resulted in a favorable increase in the ISQ value in three months. LED also led to a clinically significant increase in the ISQ value after three months because implants with ISQ values >54 can be loaded.