| dc.description.abstract | Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induces gut microbial impairment and
neurological disorders. The role of the gut-brain axis in the management of many
diseases including T2DM has been the focus of many research activities in the
recent years. However, a wide knowledge gap exists about the probiotic and/or
prebiotic effects on the function of glia cells. Hence, the present study was aimed
to examine the effects of separate and concurrent L.plantarum and inulin
supplementation, on glia cells function in enteric and central nervous system with
an inflammatory insight in T2DM.
Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 Wistar rats in 5 groups:
Diabetic sham group (DSh), Diabetes + L.plantarum (DL), Diabetes + Inulin (DI),
Diabetes + L.plantarum + inulin (DLI), and Healthy Control (HC). After four
weeks of high-fat diet, STZ was injected at 35 mg/kg to induce diabetes. Rats
were treated with 107 CFU Lactobacillus (L.) Plantarum and inulin (5% of daily
food weight, solved in drinking water) or their combination (Synbiotic) for eight
weeks. Then, the rats were sacrificed and the colon, amygdala. and prefrontal
cortex (PFC) were studied.
Results: T2DM led to increased levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic
factor (GDNF), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and inflammatory factors
(IL-17, IL-6, and TLR-2) in the PFC (P=0.067, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.007,
P=0.003, respectively), amygdala, and colon (P<0.001). But 8-week
supplementation with inulin reduced the levels of IL-6 in the amygdala (P= 0.041)
and colon (P=0.031) as well as IL-17 in the colon (P=0.047). The supplementation
with L.plantarum resulted in decreased levels of IL-17 (P=0.007, P=0.040,
P=0.029) and IL-6 (P=0.006, P=0.013, P=0.006) in the amygdala, PFC, and colon.
Co-administration with L.plantarum and inulin resulted in reduced levels of IL-17
(P=0.002, P=0.008, P=0.006) and IL-6 (P<0.001, P=0.012, P<0.001) in the
amygdala, PFC, and colon, respectively. Also, decreased levels of TRL-2 in the
amygdala (P=0.029) and colon (P= 0.007) was observed in this group. In addition L.plantarum administration reduced the levels of GFAP (P= 0.014) and GDNF
(P= 0.033) in the amygdala. Reduction of GFAP (P= 0.008, P= 0.004) and GDNF
(P=0.036, P=0.004) levels in the amygdala and colon as well as GFAP in the PFC
(P=0.027) was noticed, followed by synbiotic supplementation. There was a
strong correlation of the neural and inflammatory parameters with metabolic
parameters.
Conclusion: According to the results, separate and concurrent L.plantarum and
inulin supplementation ameliorates inflammatory state in the colon and brain. The
supplementation can also improve the function of glial cells in the peripheral and
central nervous system. Our findings demonstrated an innovative approach to the
beneficial effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic in neuroinflammation and
neurological performance, focusing on possible role of glial cells in the gut-brain
axis. | en_US |
