Evaluation the association of alveolar bone dimensions in unilateral palatally impacted Canine : a cone beam computed tomography analyses

Abstract

Background: The aim of this investigation was to compare skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements of subject with unilateral palatally impacted canine versus the unaffected contralateral side on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A cross-sectional study (split mouth design) that included 46 CBCTs (i.e., 92 sides) with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines was performed. heights and widths of skeletal and dentoalveolar variables obtained in the maxilla were measured using coronal and axial views. The angulations of lateral incisor were also measured, and the side with impaction and the unaffected side were compared. Paired sample t test and kolmogorov smirnov test were used. Results: the alveolar bone height was significantly decreased in 2mm and significantly increase in 10mm on the impacted side. Significant statistical differences (1 mm, p < 0.000) were found between the impacted and non-impacted side measurements from the mid-palatine raphe to the first premolar (proximal alveolar bone crest between the canine and first premolar; the distance were significantly lower (13.2517 ± 1.75mm) than in the side without impaction (14.3343 ± 1.80 mm). Also, the lateral incisor angulations showed significant reductions; presenting disto-angulated lateral incisors on the impacted canine side (91.4030 ± 6.79°) and mesial-angulated incisors on the non-impacted side (86.80 ± 8.42°). The other skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The width from the median raphe to the first premolar is lower in the side of maxillary palatal impacted canines than in the side without impaction. Lateral angulations of lateral incisors were disto-angulated on the side of impacted canines. Both conditions have clinical implications in the orthodontic treatment.