A thesis submitted for specialty degree in ENT Otorhinolaryngology Presentaions in Down Pediatrics

Abstract

The most ear, nose and throat (ENT) anomalies are chronic infectious otitis and chronic otitis media with effusion that are related to hearing loss, airway obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea, rhinitis and chronic sinusitis. Due to various craniofacial anomalies in patients with the Down syndrome which requires intervention and considering the lack of comprehensive studies of these presentations worldwide, we decided to do the present study in our region. The study is sponsored by WHO. Materials and methods:A descriptive study in which we have evaluated 50 Azari infants of Tabriz welfare center with Down syndrome approved by genetic and physical examinations to realizeOtorhinolaryngologic presentations. Results:45% were male and 46% female. The otitis serous and hearing loss was common in 28%. 94% had adenoid hypertrophy of grade 1, 6% grade 2. No one had cleft lip. 2 person had cleft palate. 4 persons had attached frenulum, and 2% high arc palate. 60% Mallampatie grade 1, 26% Mallampatie 2 and 14% Mallampatie 3. 72% had macroglossia. No one had external auditory canal atresia. 20% had external auditory canal atresia. 2% nasalsseptum deviation toward right side and 12% deviation toward left side. 90% were right handed ad 10% left handed. 36% had a mild saddle nose, 14% hanging of columellate and 46% pyriform aperture stenosis.